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Far and away the most important holiday in China is Spring Festival,
also known as the Chinese New Year. To the Chinese people it is as important
as Christmas to Christian people in the West. The dates for this annual
celebration are determined by the lunar calendar rather than the Gregorian
calendar, so the
timing of the holiday varies from late January to early February. The
festival actually begins on the eve of the lunar New Year's Day and
ends on the fifth day of the first month of the lunar calendar. But
the 15th of the first month, which normally is called the Lantern Festival,
means the official end of the Spring Festival in many parts of the country.
Preparations for the New Year begin the last few days of the last moon,
when houses are thoroughly cleaned, debts repaid, hair cut and new clothes
purchased. Houses are festooned with paper scrolls bearing auspicious
antithetical couplet and in many homes, people burn incense at home
and in the temples to pay respects to ancestors and ask the gods for
good health in t he
coming months. Spring Festival Eve is an important time for family reunions.
It is traditional on the last day of the twelfth month by the lunar
calendar each year for the entire family to get together for a New Year's
Eve dinner. All the members of families come together to feast. Jiaozi,
a steamed dumpling is popular in the north, while southerners favor
a sticky sweet glutinous rice pudding called nian gao. After dinner,
all family members sit together to chat or play games, staying up until
early the next morning. In the morning, people make New Year calls on
relatives to extend congratulations and give children lucky red packets
with money, lai see. During the festival, many people also attend
traditional recreational activities, such as parades with the lion dance,
dragon-lantern dance and stilt-walking. "Guo Nian," meaning "passing
the year," is the common term among the Chinese people for celebrating
the Spring Festival which is actually greeting the new year. At midnight
is the transfer of the old and new year, people used to set off fire-crackers
which served to drive away the evil spirits and to greet the arrival
of the new year. In an instant the whole city would be engulfed in the
deafening noise of the firecrackers.
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